Introduction
Stomach pain, or abdominal pain, is a common symptom in adults that can range from mild and temporary to severe and chronic. It can arise from a variety of causes, including digestive issues, infections, or underlying medical conditions. Understanding the potential reasons for stomach pain and knowing when to seek medical care is important for maintaining overall health.
Causes
Stomach pain in adults can be caused by a wide range of factors, including:
- Digestive Issues:
- Indigestion (dyspepsia)
- Gas and bloating
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Food poisoning
- Food allergies or intolerances (e.g., lactose intolerance)
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Peptic ulcers
- Infections:
- Viral or bacterial gastroenteritis (stomach flu)
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Appendicitis
- Diverticulitis
- Other Medical Conditions:
- Gallstones
- Pancreatitis
- Kidney stones
- Endometriosis (in women)
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (in women)
- Hernia
- Cancer (rarely)
- Lifestyle Factors:
- Stress
- Poor diet
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Certain medications (e.g., NSAIDs)
Symptoms
Symptoms associated with stomach pain can vary depending on the cause and may include:
- Abdominal pain (sharp, cramping, dull, or burning)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Bloating or gas
- Loss of appetite
- Heartburn or acid reflux
- Fever
- Weight loss
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of stomach pain in adults involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and, in some cases, diagnostic tests. A healthcare provider may ask about:
- The location, intensity, and duration of the pain
- Associated symptoms (such as fever, vomiting, or diarrhea)
- Bowel habits
- Diet and allergies
- Medical history and medications
Diagnostic tests may include:
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- Stool tests
- Imaging studies (such as X-rays, ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI)
- Endoscopy or colonoscopy
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the stomach pain:
- Mild Cases: Often resolve with rest, hydration, and dietary changes
- Digestive Issues: May be managed with over-the-counter medications, dietary adjustments, or stress management techniques
- Infections: May require antibiotics or antiviral medications
- Chronic Conditions: Such as IBS or IBD, require long-term management with medications, lifestyle changes, and regular medical follow-up
- Serious Conditions: Such as appendicitis, gallstones, or cancer, may require surgery or other medical interventions
When to Seek Medical Care
Seek medical attention promptly if you experience:
- Severe or persistent abdominal pain
- High fever
- Vomiting blood or having blood in the stool
- Abdominal swelling or tenderness
- Inability to pass gas or stool
- Unexplained weight loss
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
- Difficulty breathing or chest pain
Takeaway
Stomach pain is a common symptom in adults with a wide range of potential causes. Most cases are mild and resolve on their own, but severe or persistent symptoms require medical evaluation. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help relieve symptoms and prevent complications.