Introduction
Roundworm infection, also known as ascariasis, is a type of intestinal parasitic infection caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. It is one of the most common worm infections worldwide, especially in areas with poor sanitation. While many people with a mild infection have no symptoms, a heavy infestation can cause significant health problems, particularly in children.
Causes
Ascariasis is caused by ingesting microscopic eggs of the Ascaris roundworm. The eggs are found in soil contaminated with human feces and can be present on unwashed fruits and vegetables, dirty hands, or contaminated water. After ingestion, the eggs hatch in the intestines, and the larvae migrate through the body before maturing into adult worms in the intestines.
Symptoms
Many people with a mild roundworm infection have no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Visible worms in stool or vomit
- Loss of appetite and weight loss
- Cough, wheezing, or shortness of breath (if larvae migrate through the lungs)
- Fatigue
A heavy infection can cause intestinal blockage, malnutrition, or growth problems in children.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made by:
- Identifying Ascaris eggs or adult worms in a stool sample under a microscope
- Blood tests may show increased levels of certain white blood cells (eosinophilia)
- Imaging studies (such as X-rays or ultrasound) may be used in cases of suspected intestinal blockage
Treatment Options
Roundworm infection is treated with antiparasitic medications, such as:
- Albendazole
- Mebendazole
These medications are usually effective with a single dose or a short course. In cases of intestinal blockage or complications, additional medical or surgical treatment may be needed.
Prevention
To help prevent roundworm infection:
- Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially after using the toilet and before eating or preparing food
- Wash fruits and vegetables before eating
- Drink safe, treated water
- Use proper sanitation and avoid defecating outdoors
When to Seek Medical Care
Seek medical attention if you or your child experience:
- Persistent abdominal pain or swelling
- Vomiting or passing visible worms
- Signs of intestinal blockage (severe pain, vomiting, inability to pass stool or gas)
- Unexplained weight loss or growth problems in children
Takeaway
Roundworm infection is a common parasitic disease, especially in areas with poor sanitation. Most cases are easily treated with medication, but prevention through good hygiene and sanitation is key to reducing the risk of infection.