Introduction
Pinworm infection, also known as enterobiasis, is a common intestinal parasitic infection caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis. It is most common in children but can affect people of all ages. Pinworm infection is easily spread and often causes itching around the anus.
Causes
Pinworm infection is caused by ingesting pinworm eggs. The eggs are typically spread through:
- Direct contact with contaminated surfaces, such as bedding, clothing, or toys
- Transferring eggs from the anus to the mouth through contaminated fingers
- Inhaling airborne eggs (less common)
Once ingested, the eggs hatch in the small intestine, and the larvae migrate to the large intestine, where they mature into adult worms. Female pinworms then migrate to the anal area to lay their eggs, causing itching.
Symptoms
The most common symptom of pinworm infection is:
- Intense itching around the anus, especially at night
Other symptoms may include:
- Difficulty sleeping
- Irritability
- Restlessness
- In some cases, abdominal pain or nausea
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made by:
- The “tape test,” which involves pressing a piece of clear tape to the anal area in the morning to collect eggs, then examining the tape under a microscope
- Visual inspection of the anal area for adult worms (small, white, thread-like worms)
Treatment Options
Pinworm infection is treated with antiparasitic medications, such as:
- Mebendazole
- Pyrantel pamoate
It is important to treat all household members to prevent reinfection. In addition to medication, good hygiene practices are essential:
- Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially after using the toilet and before eating
- Wash bedding, clothing, and towels in hot water
- Avoid scratching the anal area
- Keep fingernails short and clean
Prevention
To help prevent pinworm infection:
- Practice good hand hygiene
- Wash bedding and clothing regularly
- Keep fingernails short and clean
- Avoid scratching the anal area
When to Seek Medical Care
Seek medical attention if you experience:
- Persistent itching around the anus
- Symptoms that do not improve with self-care
- Signs of secondary infection, such as redness, swelling, or pus
Takeaway
Pinworm infection is a common and easily treated parasitic infection. Good hygiene practices and medication are effective in eliminating the worms and preventing reinfection.