Pubic lice, sometimes called “crabs,” are tiny parasitic insects that infest the coarse hair of the human genital area. While not dangerous, they can cause significant discomfort and are a common concern for sexually active individuals.
Causes
Pubic lice are caused by an infestation of the insect Pthirus pubis. They are most often spread through:
- Close physical or sexual contact with an infested person
- Sharing bedding, towels, or clothing with someone who has pubic lice
Pubic lice do not spread through toilet seats or casual contact, as they cannot survive long away from the human body.
Symptoms
The main symptoms of pubic lice infestation include:
- Intense itching in the genital area, often worse at night
- Red or blue spots from bites
- Inflammation or irritation of the skin
- Visible lice or tiny white eggs (nits) attached to pubic hair
- Secondary bacterial infections from scratching
Lice may also be found in other coarse body hair, such as the armpits, chest, beard, or eyelashes.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made by visually identifying lice or nits in the affected area. A healthcare provider may use a magnifying glass to confirm the presence of lice or eggs.
Treatment Options
Treatment for pubic lice is straightforward and effective:
- Topical insecticides: Over-the-counter lotions or shampoos containing permethrin or pyrethrin are commonly used.
- Prescription medications: In some cases, stronger treatments may be needed.
- Washing clothing and bedding: All clothing, towels, and bedding used in the previous two days should be washed in hot water and dried on a high heat setting.
- Avoiding close contact: Refrain from sexual or close physical contact until treatment is complete and lice are gone.
Sexual partners should also be treated to prevent reinfestation.
Prevention
To prevent pubic lice:
- Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, bedding, or clothing.
- Practice safe sex and communicate with partners about any symptoms.
- Seek prompt treatment if symptoms develop.
Takeaway
Pubic lice are a common and treatable condition. Early recognition, proper treatment, and good hygiene practices can quickly resolve the infestation and prevent its spread.