Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can affect both men and women and, if left untreated, may lead to serious health complications.
Causes
Gonorrhea is transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person. This includes vaginal, anal, or oral sex. The bacteria can infect the genitals, rectum, and throat. It can also be passed from mother to baby during childbirth.
Symptoms
Many people with gonorrhea do not experience symptoms, especially women. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- In women: Increased vaginal discharge, pain or burning during urination, vaginal bleeding between periods, and pelvic pain.
- In men: Painful urination, pus-like discharge from the penis, swelling or pain in one testicle.
- In both: Sore throat (if the infection is in the throat), rectal pain, discharge, or bleeding (if the infection is in the rectum).
If left untreated, gonorrhea can cause pelvic inflammatory disease in women, infertility, and can increase the risk of contracting or transmitting other infections.
Diagnosis
Gonorrhea is diagnosed through laboratory tests. A healthcare provider may take a urine sample or swab from the affected area (cervix, urethra, rectum, or throat) to detect the bacteria.
Treatment Options
Gonorrhea is treated with antibiotics. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, it is important to follow the healthcare provider’s instructions and complete the full course of treatment. Sexual partners should also be tested and treated to prevent reinfection.
Prevention
To reduce the risk of gonorrhea:
- Use condoms or dental dams during sexual activity.
- Get regular STI screenings, especially if you have new or multiple partners.
- Communicate openly with sexual partners about sexual health.
- Avoid sexual contact with anyone showing symptoms of an STI.
Takeaway
Gonorrhea is a treatable infection, but early diagnosis and proper treatment are essential to prevent complications. Practicing safe sex and regular screening are key to maintaining sexual health.