Oral herpes is a common viral infection that causes sores, usually on or around the lips and mouth. It is most often caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), though type 2 (HSV-2) can also cause oral infections.
Causes
Oral herpes is primarily caused by HSV-1, which is highly contagious. The virus is spread through:
- Direct contact with the saliva, skin, or mucous membranes of an infected person
- Kissing or sharing items such as utensils, lip balm, or towels
- Oral-genital contact with someone who has genital herpes
Once infected, the virus remains in the body and can reactivate, causing recurrent outbreaks.
Symptoms
Symptoms of oral herpes can vary, but often include:
- Tingling, itching, or burning sensation around the mouth before sores appear
- Painful blisters or cold sores on the lips, gums, or inside the mouth
- Swelling and redness around the affected area
- Fever, sore throat, or swollen lymph nodes (especially during the first outbreak)
Outbreaks may recur, especially during times of stress, illness, or sun exposure.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually based on the appearance of sores and a physical examination. In some cases, a healthcare provider may take a swab from a sore for laboratory testing to confirm the presence of the herpes virus.
Treatment Options
There is no cure for oral herpes, but symptoms can be managed with:
- Antiviral medications (such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) to reduce the severity and duration of outbreaks
- Over-the-counter creams or ointments to relieve pain and speed healing
- Good oral hygiene and avoiding irritating foods during outbreaks
Antiviral medications may also be prescribed for frequent or severe outbreaks.
Prevention
To reduce the risk of spreading or contracting oral herpes:
- Avoid kissing or sharing personal items with someone who has visible sores
- Wash hands frequently, especially after touching the affected area
- Use sun protection on the lips to help prevent outbreaks
- Avoid oral contact during active outbreaks
Takeaway
Oral herpes is a common and manageable condition. While there is no cure, antiviral medications and good self-care can help control symptoms and reduce the risk of transmission.