Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It can affect both men and women and, if left untreated, can lead to serious health problems, especially in women.
Causes
Chlamydia is transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person. This includes vaginal, anal, or oral sex. It can also be passed from mother to baby during childbirth.
Symptoms
Many people with chlamydia do not experience symptoms, especially in the early stages. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- In women: Abnormal vaginal discharge, pain or burning during urination, bleeding between periods, and pelvic pain.
- In men: Painful urination, discharge from the penis, pain or swelling in one or both testicles.
- In both: Rectal pain, discharge, or bleeding (if the infection is in the rectum), and sore throat (if the infection is in the throat).
If left untreated, chlamydia can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and can increase the risk of contracting or transmitting other infections.
Diagnosis
Chlamydia is diagnosed through laboratory tests. A healthcare provider may take a urine sample or swab from the affected area (cervix, urethra, rectum, or throat) to detect the bacteria. Regular screening is recommended for sexually active individuals, especially those with new or multiple partners.
Treatment Options
Chlamydia is treated with antibiotics. It is important to follow the healthcare provider’s instructions and complete the full course of treatment. Sexual partners should also be tested and treated to prevent reinfection.
Prevention
To reduce the risk of chlamydia:
- Use condoms or dental dams during sexual activity.
- Get regular STI screenings, especially if you have new or multiple partners.
- Communicate openly with sexual partners about sexual health.
- Avoid sexual contact with anyone showing symptoms of an STI.
Takeaway
Chlamydia is a treatable infection, but early diagnosis and proper treatment are essential to prevent complications. Practicing safe sex and regular screening are key to maintaining sexual health.