Scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by tiny mites called Sarcoptes scabiei. These mites burrow into the upper layer of the skin, where they live and lay their eggs. Scabies causes intense itching and a pimple-like skin rash.
Causes
Scabies is primarily spread through prolonged, direct skin-to-skin contact with someone who has scabies. It can also be spread through sharing bedding, clothing, or towels with an infested person, although this is less common. Scabies is not related to poor hygiene; anyone can get it.
Symptoms
The main symptoms of scabies include:
- Intense itching, especially at night
- A pimple-like rash, often with tiny blisters or bumps
- Visible burrows (thin, grayish-white or skin-colored lines) on the skin
- Sores caused by scratching
Common areas affected include the hands (especially between the fingers), wrists, elbows, armpits, genitals, and buttocks.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made by a healthcare provider through a skin examination. A scraping of the skin may be taken and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of mites or their eggs.
Treatment Options
Scabies is treated with prescription creams or lotions called scabicides, which kill the mites. Common medications include permethrin cream and ivermectin lotion. It is important to follow the healthcare provider’s instructions and apply the medication to all areas of the body from the neck down. All household members and close contacts should also be treated, even if they do not have symptoms.
In addition to medication, it is important to:
- Wash all clothing, bedding, and towels in hot water and dry them on a high heat setting.
- Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture.
- Avoid close physical contact with others until treatment is complete.
Prevention
To prevent scabies:
- Avoid prolonged, direct skin-to-skin contact with someone who has scabies.
- Do not share bedding, clothing, or towels with an infested person.
- If you have scabies, notify your close contacts so they can be treated.
Takeaway
Scabies is a treatable skin infestation that causes intense itching and a rash. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent its spread.