A yeast infection in the genital area, also known as vulvovaginal candidiasis, is a common fungal infection that affects the vagina and vulva (the tissues at the opening of the vagina). It is usually caused by an overgrowth of the yeast Candida albicans.
Causes
Yeast infections are caused by an imbalance of the normal flora in the vagina. Factors that can contribute to this imbalance include:
- Antibiotics: Can kill beneficial bacteria in the vagina, allowing yeast to overgrow.
- Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, menstruation, or hormone therapy can affect the vaginal environment.
- Weakened immune system: Conditions like diabetes or HIV can increase the risk of yeast infections.
- Uncontrolled diabetes: High blood sugar levels can promote yeast growth.
- Tight clothing or synthetic underwear: Can create a warm, moist environment that encourages yeast growth.
Yeast infections are not always sexually transmitted, but sexual activity can sometimes trigger them.
Symptoms
Symptoms of a yeast infection may include:
- Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva
- Burning sensation, especially during urination or intercourse
- Thick, white, cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge
- Redness and swelling of the vulva
- Soreness or pain
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually based on:
- A physical examination and discussion of symptoms
- A pelvic exam to check for inflammation and discharge
- A sample of vaginal discharge may be taken and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of yeast
Treatment Options
Yeast infections are usually treated with antifungal medications, which can be:
- Topical: Creams, ointments, or suppositories inserted into the vagina.
- Oral: A single-dose oral medication.
Over-the-counter treatments are available, but it is important to confirm the diagnosis with a healthcare provider before using them. For recurrent or severe infections, prescription medications may be needed.
Prevention
To help prevent yeast infections:
- Wear breathable, cotton underwear
- Avoid tight-fitting clothing
- Practice good hygiene
- Avoid douching, which can disrupt the normal vaginal flora
- Manage diabetes if you have it
- Use antibiotics only when necessary
Takeaway
Yeast infections are common and treatable. If you experience symptoms, consult a healthcare provider for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.