Provoked vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition characterized by pain in the vulva (the external female genitals), specifically triggered by touch or pressure. The pain is typically localized to the vestibule, the area surrounding the opening of the vagina.
Causes
The exact cause of provoked vulvodynia is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute:
- Nerve damage or irritation: Hypersensitivity of the nerves in the vulva.
- Inflammation: Chronic inflammation in the vulvar tissues.
- Genetic factors: A family history of vulvodynia or other pain conditions may increase risk.
- Muscle dysfunction: Pelvic floor muscle tension or spasms.
- Psychological factors: Stress, anxiety, and depression can contribute to symptoms.
Symptoms
The main symptom of provoked vulvodynia is pain in the vulva that is triggered by touch or pressure. This may include:
- Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia)
- Pain with tampon insertion
- Pain with prolonged sitting
- Sensitivity to clothing or other external irritants
The pain can be described as burning, stinging, throbbing, or raw.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on:
- A detailed medical history and discussion of symptoms
- A pelvic examination to rule out other causes of pain
- A cotton-swab test, where a cotton swab is gently touched to different areas of the vulva to assess pain sensitivity
Treatment Options
Treatment for provoked vulvodynia aims to relieve pain and improve quality of life. Options may include:
- Topical medications: Creams or ointments to reduce pain and inflammation.
- Pelvic floor physical therapy: Exercises to strengthen and relax the pelvic floor muscles.
- Nerve blocks: Injections to block pain signals from the nerves in the vulva.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgery to remove the affected tissue may be considered.
- Counseling or therapy: To address psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, or depression.
- Lifestyle changes: Avoiding irritants, wearing loose clothing, and using lubricants during sexual activity.
Prevention
There is no known way to prevent provoked vulvodynia, but early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Takeaway
Provoked vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition that can significantly impact a person’s quality of life. With proper management, most people can find relief and improve their overall well-being.