Pain in the scrotum is a symptom that can range from mild discomfort to severe, sudden pain. It can affect males of any age and may be caused by a variety of underlying conditions, some of which require urgent medical attention.
Causes
Scrotal pain can result from several causes, including:
- Infections: Such as epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis) or orchitis (inflammation of the testicle).
- Injury: Trauma or direct blow to the scrotum.
- Testicular torsion: Twisting of the spermatic cord, cutting off blood supply to the testicle—a medical emergency.
- Hernia: Inguinal hernia can cause pain and swelling in the scrotum.
- Varicocele: Enlarged veins within the scrotum.
- Hydrocele: Accumulation of fluid around the testicle.
- Tumors: Testicular cancer or benign growths.
Symptoms
Symptoms associated with scrotal pain may include:
- Sudden or gradual onset of pain
- Swelling or redness of the scrotum
- Tenderness or sensitivity to touch
- Nausea or vomiting (especially with severe pain)
- Fever or chills (if infection is present)
- Lump or mass in the scrotum
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves:
- Medical history and symptom review
- Physical examination of the scrotum and testicles
- Ultrasound: To assess blood flow and identify structural problems
- Urine tests: To check for infection
- Blood tests: If infection or other systemic illness is suspected
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the underlying cause:
- Infections: Antibiotics or antiviral medications
- Testicular torsion: Emergency surgery to restore blood flow
- Injury: Supportive care, pain relief, and sometimes surgery
- Hernia, hydrocele, or varicocele: May require surgical repair if symptomatic
- Tumors: Further evaluation and treatment, which may include surgery
Prevention
To help prevent scrotal pain:
- Practice safe sex to reduce the risk of infections
- Wear protective gear during sports or activities with risk of injury
- Perform regular testicular self-exams to detect lumps or changes early
- Seek prompt medical attention for any new or severe scrotal pain
Takeaway
Pain in the scrotum should never be ignored, especially if it is sudden or severe. Some causes, such as testicular torsion, require immediate treatment to prevent permanent damage. Early evaluation by a healthcare provider is essential for proper diagnosis and management, ensuring the best possible outcome for your health.