Epididymitis is the inflammation of the epididymis, a coiled tube located at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm. It is a common cause of scrotal pain and swelling in men.
Causes
Epididymitis is most often caused by:
- Bacterial infections: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia and gonorrhea are common causes in sexually active men.
- Non-sexually transmitted infections: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) or prostate infections can spread to the epididymis.
- Other causes: Less common causes include chemical irritation, trauma, or autoimmune diseases.
Symptoms
Symptoms of epididymitis may include:
- Gradual onset of pain in the scrotum
- Redness and warmth in the scrotum
- Swelling of the scrotum
- Tenderness to touch
- Painful urination
- Discharge from the penis
- Fever or chills
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Medical history and symptom review
- Physical examination of the scrotum and testicles
- Urine tests to check for infection
- STI testing if sexually transmitted infection is suspected
- Ultrasound to rule out other conditions, such as testicular torsion
Treatment Options
Treatment for epididymitis depends on the cause:
- Antibiotics: For bacterial infections, antibiotics are the primary treatment.
- Pain relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers, ice packs, and scrotal support can help relieve pain and swelling.
- Rest: Avoiding strenuous activity and elevating the scrotum can promote healing.
- Treatment of sexual partners: If an STI is the cause, sexual partners should also be tested and treated.
Prevention
To help prevent epididymitis:
- Practice safe sex to reduce the risk of STIs
- Treat urinary tract infections promptly
- Avoid activities that may cause trauma to the scrotum
Takeaway
Epididymitis is a treatable condition that can cause significant discomfort. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment with antibiotics are essential to prevent complications, such as chronic pain or infertility. If you experience symptoms of epididymitis, consult a healthcare provider for evaluation and management.