A swollen scrotum refers to an enlargement or puffiness of the scrotal sac, which can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions. Swelling may be painless or accompanied by pain, and it can affect one or both sides of the scrotum.
Causes
Common causes of a swollen scrotum include:
- Infections: Such as epididymitis, orchitis, or sexually transmitted infections.
- Injury: Trauma to the scrotum can cause swelling and bruising.
- Hydrocele: Accumulation of fluid around the testicle.
- Varicocele: Enlarged veins within the scrotum.
- Hernia: Inguinal hernia can cause a bulge and swelling in the scrotum.
- Testicular torsion: Twisting of the spermatic cord, which is a medical emergency.
- Tumors: Testicular cancer or benign growths.
Symptoms
Symptoms associated with a swollen scrotum may include:
- Noticeable enlargement or puffiness of the scrotum
- Redness or warmth of the skin
- Pain or tenderness
- A feeling of heaviness or discomfort
- Nausea or vomiting (especially with severe pain)
- Fever or chills (if infection is present)
- Lump or mass in the scrotum
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves:
- Medical history and symptom review
- Physical examination of the scrotum and testicles
- Ultrasound: To assess the cause of swelling and blood flow to the testicles
- Urine and blood tests: To check for infection or other underlying conditions
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the underlying cause:
- Infections: Antibiotics or antiviral medications
- Testicular torsion: Emergency surgery to restore blood flow
- Hydrocele or varicocele: May require surgical repair if symptomatic
- Hernia: Surgical repair is often needed
- Injury: Supportive care, pain relief, and sometimes surgery
- Tumors: Further evaluation and treatment, which may include surgery
Prevention
To help prevent scrotal swelling:
- Practice safe sex to reduce the risk of infections
- Wear protective gear during sports or activities with risk of injury
- Seek prompt medical attention for any new or severe scrotal swelling or pain
Takeaway
A swollen scrotum can be a sign of various underlying conditions, some of which require urgent medical attention. Early evaluation by a healthcare provider is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment, helping to prevent complications and protect reproductive health.