A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac surrounding a testicle that causes swelling in the scrotum. It is common in newborns and usually not harmful.
Causes
Hydroceles in children can be caused by:
- Congenital hydrocele: During fetal development, the testicles descend from the abdomen into the scrotum through a passage. If this passage doesn’t close properly, fluid from the abdomen can flow into the scrotum, causing a hydrocele.
- Acquired hydrocele: Less commonly, hydroceles can develop later in life due to inflammation, infection, or injury to the scrotum.
Symptoms
The main symptom of a hydrocele is:
- Painless swelling in the scrotum
The swelling may be more noticeable at the end of the day or after activity. In infants, the hydrocele may appear to change in size throughout the day.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made through:
- Physical examination: A healthcare provider can often diagnose a hydrocele by examining the scrotum.
- Transillumination: Shining a light through the scrotum can show the fluid-filled sac.
- Ultrasound: May be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.
Treatment Options
Treatment for hydrocele in children depends on the age of the child and the presence of symptoms:
- Observation: Many hydroceles in newborns resolve on their own within the first year of life.
- Surgery: If the hydrocele is large, causing discomfort, or persists beyond one year of age, surgery may be recommended to drain the fluid and close the passage between the abdomen and scrotum.
Prevention
There is no known way to prevent congenital hydroceles.
Takeaway
Hydroceles are common in newborns and usually resolve on their own. If a hydrocele persists or causes discomfort, surgical treatment is typically safe and effective.
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