Introduction
Angina is a type of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen-rich blood. It is often a symptom of underlying heart disease, particularly coronary artery disease. Angina can be a warning sign of an increased risk of heart attack, so recognizing and managing it is important for heart health and overall well-being.
Causes
Angina is most commonly caused by narrowed or blocked arteries that supply blood to the heart (coronary arteries). This narrowing is usually due to a buildup of fatty deposits (atherosclerosis). Other factors that can trigger angina include physical exertion, emotional stress, cold weather, heavy meals, or smoking. Less commonly, angina can be caused by spasms of the coronary arteries.
Symptoms
The main symptom of angina is chest pain or discomfort, often described as pressure, squeezing, heaviness, or tightness. The pain may also radiate to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Other symptoms can include shortness of breath, nausea, sweating, dizziness, or fatigue. Angina typically lasts a few minutes and is relieved by rest or medication. If chest pain is severe, lasts longer than a few minutes, or occurs at rest, it may indicate a heart attack and requires immediate medical attention.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves a detailed medical history, physical examination, and tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), stress test, echocardiogram, or coronary angiography. Blood tests may also be used to assess heart health. If you experience chest pain or symptoms suggestive of angina, consult a doctor promptly for evaluation.
Treatment Options
Treatment for angina focuses on relieving symptoms, improving blood flow to the heart, and reducing the risk of heart attack. Medications such as nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or antiplatelet drugs may be prescribed. Lifestyle changes, including a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and managing stress, are essential.
In some cases, procedures such as angioplasty (to open blocked arteries) or coronary artery bypass surgery may be recommended. Simple measures like pacing physical activity and avoiding known triggers can help manage symptoms. If chest pain is new, worsening, or occurs at rest, seek emergency medical care immediately.
Prevention
Preventing angina involves managing risk factors for heart disease: maintain a healthy weight, eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, control blood pressure and cholesterol, avoid smoking, and manage diabetes if present. Regular check-ups and following your doctor’s advice are key to heart health.
Takeaway
Angina is a warning sign that the heart is not getting enough blood. With proper management, lifestyle changes, and medical care, most people with angina can lead active lives. If you experience chest pain or discomfort, consult a doctor for assessment and guidance.