Introduction
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a common condition in which the force of blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high. Over time, untreated high blood pressure can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney problems, and other serious health issues. Regular monitoring and effective management are essential for long-term health.
Causes
High blood pressure often develops gradually over many years and may not have a single identifiable cause (primary hypertension). Risk factors include age, family history, being overweight, lack of physical activity, a diet high in salt, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, stress, and certain chronic conditions such as diabetes or kidney disease. In some cases, high blood pressure is caused by an underlying medical condition (secondary hypertension).
Symptoms
High blood pressure is often called the “silent killer” because it usually does not cause symptoms until significant damage has occurred. When symptoms do appear, they may include headaches, shortness of breath, nosebleeds, or vision changes, but these are uncommon and often occur only with very high blood pressure.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made by measuring blood pressure using a cuff and stethoscope or an automated device. Multiple readings over time are usually needed to confirm the diagnosis. Your doctor may also order blood tests, urine tests, and heart or kidney function tests to check for complications or underlying causes. If you have risk factors or elevated readings, consult a doctor for evaluation.
Treatment Options
Managing high blood pressure involves lifestyle changes and, if necessary, medication. Healthy habits include eating a balanced diet low in salt, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol, quitting smoking, and managing stress. If lifestyle changes are not enough, your doctor may prescribe one or more medications to help lower blood pressure.
Simple measures such as regular monitoring, taking medications as prescribed, and attending follow-up appointments are important for effective management. If you experience symptoms such as severe headache, chest pain, or difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.
Prevention
Preventing high blood pressure involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle, regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol. Regular check-ups can help detect and manage high blood pressure early.
Takeaway
High blood pressure is a common but serious condition that can lead to life-threatening complications if left untreated. With regular monitoring, healthy habits, and medical care, most people can control their blood pressure and reduce their risk of complications. If you have risk factors or concerns, consult a doctor for assessment and guidance.