Introduction
Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, protective sac surrounding the heart. This condition can cause sharp chest pain and other symptoms, and while it is often mild and resolves with treatment, it can sometimes lead to complications. Early recognition and medical care are important for a full recovery.
Causes
Pericarditis can be caused by a variety of factors. The most common cause is a viral infection, but it can also result from bacterial or fungal infections, autoimmune diseases (such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis), heart surgery, injury, certain medications, or as a complication of other illnesses. In many cases, the exact cause is not identified.
Symptoms
The main symptom of pericarditis is sharp, stabbing chest pain that may worsen with deep breathing, coughing, or lying down and improve when sitting up or leaning forward. Other symptoms can include fever, fatigue, palpitations, shortness of breath, and swelling in the legs or abdomen. In some cases, a pericardial friction rub (a distinctive sound heard with a stethoscope) may be present.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves a medical history, physical examination, and tests such as electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram (heart ultrasound), chest X-ray, and blood tests to look for signs of inflammation or infection. If you experience chest pain or other symptoms of pericarditis, consult a doctor for evaluation.
Treatment Options
Treatment for pericarditis depends on the cause and severity. Most cases are treated with anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen or colchicine. If a bacterial infection is present, antibiotics are needed. Severe cases may require hospitalization, drainage of fluid around the heart, or other interventions. Rest and gradual return to activity are important during recovery.
Simple measures such as taking medications as prescribed, avoiding strenuous activity until cleared by your doctor, and attending follow-up appointments can help ensure a full recovery. If symptoms worsen or new issues arise, consult a doctor promptly.
Prevention
Preventing pericarditis involves managing infections promptly, maintaining good overall health, and treating underlying conditions. For people with a history of pericarditis, following your doctor’s advice can help prevent recurrences.
Takeaway
Pericarditis is an inflammation of the heart’s protective sac that is often treatable with medication and rest. With early diagnosis and proper care, most people recover fully. If you have chest pain or symptoms suggestive of pericarditis, consult a doctor for assessment and guidance.