An ingrown toenail happens when the corner or side of a toenail grows into the nearby skin, causing pain, redness, swelling, and sometimes infection. The big toe is most often affected.
Why it happens
- Trimming nails too short or rounding the corners.
- Tight shoes or socks that squeeze the toes.
- Toe injuries, repeated pressure (sports).
- Natural nail shape that curves more than usual.
Signs and symptoms
- Tenderness and pain along one or both sides of the nail.
- Redness and swelling; sometimes drainage or pus if infected.
- Skin can overgrow along the nail edge (granulation tissue) in more severe cases.
Home care (mild cases)
- Soak the foot in warm, soapy water or Epsom salts for 15–20 minutes, 2–3 times daily for up to a week.
- After soaking, gently dry and apply an antibiotic ointment; cover with a small bandage.
- Wear roomy shoes or open-toe footwear to reduce pressure.
- Pain relief: acetaminophen or ibuprofen as directed.
- Optional: After soaking, you can place a tiny bit of clean cotton or dental floss under the nail corner to lift it off the skin—change daily. Stop if it increases pain.
Do not cut into the corner or “dig out” the nail at home—this often worsens the problem or causes infection.
When to see a clinician
- Moderate to severe pain, pus, spreading redness, or symptoms lasting more than a week.
- Recurrent ingrown nails.
- If you have diabetes, poor circulation, neuropathy, or a weakened immune system—seek care early.
In-clinic treatments
- Partial nail removal under local anesthesia to lift/remove the ingrown edge.
- If ingrowns keep returning, a small procedure can remove the troublesome root section (chemical matrixectomy) to prevent regrowth on that side.
- Antibiotics only if there’s true infection—your clinician will decide.
Prevention
- Trim toenails straight across; don’t round corners.
- Leave a thin white edge; don’t cut too short.
- Wear shoes with a wide toe box and moisture-wicking socks.
- Protect toes during sports; keep feet clean and dry.