A stye is a common and usually harmless inflammation of an oil gland in the eyelid. It can feel tender and cause discomfort, and the eyelid may become swollen and red. Styes typically resolve on their own without treatment, but there are steps you can take to relieve symptoms and promote healing.
Symptoms
The symptoms of a stye can vary, but common signs include tenderness and warmth in the affected area of the eyelid, a feeling that something is rubbing against the eye, a small red bump on the eyelid margin, and swelling of the eyelid. The stye may be located on the outer edge of the eyelid (external stye) or on the inner surface of the eyelid (internal stye). Vision is usually not affected, but a large stye may press on the eye and cause temporary blurring.
Causes
Styes occur when an oil gland in the eyelid becomes blocked and inflamed. This can be caused by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, which are commonly found on the skin. Other factors that can contribute to styes include poor hygiene, using contaminated makeup, and having certain skin conditions, such as rosacea or seborrheic dermatitis. People who have dry eyes or blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids) are also more prone to developing styes.
Diagnosis
Styes are usually diagnosed based on their appearance and symptoms. A healthcare provider will examine the eyelid and surrounding area to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. In most cases, no further testing is necessary. However, if the stye is unusually large, painful, or persistent, or if there are signs of infection, the doctor may recommend further evaluation.
Treatment Options
Most styes resolve on their own within a week or two. Warm compresses can help to relieve symptoms and promote drainage. To make a warm compress, soak a clean cloth in warm water, wring it out, and apply it to the affected eyelid for 10-15 minutes, several times a day. Gently massage the eyelid while applying the warm compress. Avoid squeezing or popping the stye, as this can spread the infection. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help to reduce pain and inflammation. If the stye does not improve with home care, or if there are signs of infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotic ointment or eye drops. In rare cases, a stye may need to be drained surgically.
Prevention
There are several steps you can take to prevent styes. Practice good hygiene by washing your hands frequently and avoiding touching your eyes. Remove makeup before going to bed and replace eye makeup regularly. If you wear contact lenses, follow your eye care provider’s instructions for proper cleaning and wear. If you have dry eyes or blepharitis, follow your doctor’s recommendations for managing these conditions.
Takeaway
Styes are a common and usually harmless condition that can cause discomfort and swelling of the eyelid. Most styes resolve on their own with warm compresses and good hygiene. If the stye does not improve with home care, or if there are signs of infection, seek medical attention.