Red eyes are a common condition that can result from various factors, ranging from minor irritations to more serious infections or injuries. The redness occurs when the small blood vessels in the white part of the eye (sclera) become enlarged or inflamed. While often harmless and resolving on their own, persistent or severe red eyes may require medical attention.
Symptoms
Red eyes can present with a variety of symptoms. The most obvious sign is redness in the white part of the eye, which may appear as diffuse redness or a distinct blood-red area. Other symptoms may include a gritty or irritated sensation, itching, swelling, discharge, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. The specific symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause of the red eyes.
Causes
Red eyes can be caused by a wide range of factors. Common causes include eye strain, dry eyes, allergies, infections (such as conjunctivitis or keratitis), inflammation (such as blepharitis or iritis), foreign objects in the eye, and ruptured blood vessels in the sclera. Contact lens wear can also contribute to red eyes, especially if lenses are worn for extended periods or are not properly cleaned. In rare cases, red eyes may be a symptom of a more serious condition, such as acute glaucoma.
Diagnosis
In many cases, red eyes resolve on their own with simple home care measures. However, if the redness persists for more than a few days, or if you experience other concerning symptoms such as pain, vision changes, or sensitivity to light, it’s important to seek medical evaluation. A healthcare provider will examine your eyes and ask about your symptoms and medical history. They may use a slit lamp, a specialized microscope, to examine the structures of the eye in detail. Depending on the suspected cause, additional tests may be performed to check for infection, inflammation, or other abnormalities.
Treatment Options
The treatment for red eyes depends on the underlying cause. For mild irritations, artificial tears or lubricating eye drops can provide relief. Allergic conjunctivitis may be treated with antihistamine eye drops or oral antihistamines. Bacterial conjunctivitis typically requires antibiotic eye drops or ointment. Viral conjunctivitis usually resolves on its own within a week or two. Inflammation of the eyelids (blepharitis) can be managed with warm compresses and gentle cleaning of the eyelids. More serious conditions, such as keratitis or iritis, require prompt treatment with prescription medications to prevent complications. If a foreign object is present in the eye, it should be removed by a healthcare professional.
Prevention
There are several steps you can take to prevent red eyes. Practice good hygiene by washing your hands frequently and avoiding touching your eyes. If you wear contact lenses, follow your eye care provider’s instructions for proper cleaning and wear. Avoid exposure to irritants such as smoke, dust, and allergens. Use artificial tears to keep your eyes lubricated, especially in dry environments. Protect your eyes from the sun by wearing sunglasses. If you have allergies, take steps to minimize your exposure to allergens.
Takeaway
Red eyes are a common condition that can be caused by a variety of factors. While most cases are mild and self-limiting, persistent or severe red eyes should be evaluated by a healthcare provider to determine the cause and appropriate treatment. Taking proactive steps to protect your eyes and practice good hygiene can help prevent red eyes and maintain healthy vision.