Strabismus in adults means that the eyes are not aligned and point in different directions. This misalignment can cause visual problems, including eye fatigue, double vision, and headaches. Some people notice their strabismus only occasionally, such as when they are tired, which is known as latent strabismus. Many adults with strabismus developed the condition in childhood, but it can also appear suddenly in adulthood, sometimes as a result of an underlying illness. Double vision may be caused by strabismus, but it can also result from other conditions, such as cataracts or an outdated eyeglass prescription. If one eye suddenly starts to turn and you experience double vision, it may be a sign of a medical problem that requires prompt attention.
Causes
Strabismus occurs when the muscles that control eye movement do not work together as they should. This can be due to muscle weakness, nerve problems, or other underlying health conditions. In some cases, the cause is unknown. Double vision can also be caused by issues with the lens or cornea, such as cataracts or corneal opacities, or by neurological conditions that affect the nerves or muscles controlling the eyes.
Symptoms
Adults with strabismus may experience a range of symptoms. These can include eye fatigue, double vision, difficulty judging distances, the sensation that letters move while reading, and headaches. Some people may only notice symptoms when they are tired or after prolonged visual tasks. In cases of manifest strabismus, the eyes are misaligned all the time, while latent strabismus may only become apparent under certain conditions.
Diagnosis
A thorough eye examination is necessary to determine the cause of strabismus or double vision. An optometrist or ophthalmologist will assess eye alignment, movement, and visual acuity. Sometimes, additional tests or imaging studies are needed, especially if the symptoms appear suddenly or are accompanied by other neurological signs. If the double vision persists when one eye is covered, it may indicate a problem within that eye, such as a cataract. If the double vision disappears when one eye is covered, it is more likely related to strabismus or a problem with eye coordination.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the symptoms. Glasses with special prisms can help align the images seen by each eye, making it easier for the brain to merge them into a single picture. These prism glasses are often effective for latent strabismus and can reduce symptoms such as double vision and eye strain. If the misalignment is significant or does not improve with glasses, surgery on the eye muscles may be recommended to restore proper alignment. In some cases, temporarily covering one eye can provide relief from double vision while awaiting further treatment. For those with underlying health conditions, treating the primary illness may also improve eye alignment.
Prevention
While not all cases of strabismus or double vision can be prevented, regular eye examinations are important for early detection and management. Maintaining overall health, managing chronic conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure, and protecting the eyes from injury can help reduce the risk of developing these problems.
Takeaway
Strabismus and double vision in adults can significantly affect daily life, making tasks such as reading, driving, and working more difficult. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for improving comfort and visual function. If you notice changes in your vision, persistent double vision, or a sudden change in eye alignment, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.