Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF or AFib) is a common heart rhythm disorder in which the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) beat irregularly and often rapidly. This irregular rhythm can lead to poor blood flow, increase the risk of blood clots, and raise the chances of stroke, heart failure, and other complications. Early diagnosis and effective management are important for reducing risks and improving quality of life.
Causes
Atrial fibrillation can result from a variety of factors. Common causes include high blood pressure, heart disease, heart valve problems, thyroid disorders, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain lung diseases. AFib can also occur after heart surgery or as a result of aging. In some cases, no specific cause is found.
Symptoms
Symptoms of atrial fibrillation can vary. Some people have no symptoms, while others may experience palpitations (a fluttering or pounding heartbeat), fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, chest discomfort, or weakness. AFib may be occasional (paroxysmal), persistent, or permanent. In some cases, the first sign of AFib is a stroke.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves a medical history, physical examination, and tests such as electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitor (24-hour ECG), echocardiogram (heart ultrasound), and blood tests to check for underlying conditions. If you experience irregular heartbeats, palpitations, or unexplained symptoms, consult a doctor for evaluation.
Treatment Options
Treatment for atrial fibrillation focuses on controlling the heart rate or rhythm and reducing the risk of stroke. Medications may be prescribed to slow the heart rate, restore normal rhythm, or prevent blood clots (anticoagulants). In some cases, procedures such as electrical cardioversion, catheter ablation, or surgery may be recommended.
Simple measures such as managing blood pressure, avoiding excessive alcohol, maintaining a healthy weight, and regular exercise can help reduce symptoms and risks. If you are prescribed blood thinners, follow your doctor’s instructions carefully and attend regular check-ups.
Prevention
Preventing atrial fibrillation involves managing risk factors: control high blood pressure, treat heart disease, avoid excessive alcohol, maintain a healthy weight, and manage chronic conditions. Regular check-ups and early treatment of heart problems are important.
Takeaway
Atrial fibrillation is a common but serious heart rhythm disorder. With early diagnosis, proper treatment, and lifestyle changes, most people with AFib can manage their symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. If you notice irregular heartbeats or other symptoms, consult a doctor for assessment and guidance.