Contact dermatitis (CD) is an eczematous reaction of the skin triggered by exogenous agents via two principal mechanisms: irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) due to direct cytotoxicity, and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) mediated by type IV delayed hypersensitivity. CD is common,…
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritus, eczematous lesions, and a disrupted skin barrier. It arises from a multifactorial interplay of genetic predisposition (e.g., filaggrin mutations), type 2 inflammation, environmental triggers, and microbiome dysbiosis.…
What they are Substance Use Disorders are patterns of problematic use of drugs (e.g., opioids, stimulants, cannabis, sedatives, cocaine, methamphetamine) leading to impairment or distress across similar domains as AUD: control, impact, risky use, and physical dependence. SUDs range from…
What it is Alcohol Use Disorder is a medical condition where drinking leads to impaired control, social or work problems, risky use, and/or physical dependence. Severity ranges from mild to severe based on how many criteria are met. AUD is…
What they are Tic disorders involve sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic movements or vocalizations: Provisional Tic Disorder: tics < 1 year Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder: motor or vocal tics ≥ 1 year Tourette Syndrome: both motor and vocal…
What it is ARFID involves persistent avoidance or restriction of food intake leading to weight loss, nutritional deficiency, dependence on supplements/enteral feeding, or significant psychosocial interference—without body image concerns driving the restriction. Common ARFID profiles: Sensory sensitivity (taste, texture, smell,…
What it is Binge Eating Disorder is recurrent binge episodes (loss of control while eating unusually large amounts) without regular compensatory behaviors. People often eat rapidly, until uncomfortably full, or when not physically hungry, followed by guilt or shame. BED…
What it is Schizotypal Personality Disorder features pervasive social/interpersonal deficits with acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive/perceptual distortions, and eccentric behaviors. People with STPD may have odd beliefs or magical thinking, unusual perceptual experiences, and idiosyncratic speech or appearance. Social…
What it is Schizoid Personality Disorder is a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression in interpersonal settings. People with ScPD typically prefer solitary activities, have limited desire for close relationships, and may…
What it is Paranoid Personality Disorder involves a pervasive pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent. It begins by early adulthood and is present across contexts. People with PPD often scan for…
