Introduction A brachial plexus injury in newborns is a condition that occurs when the network of nerves controlling movement and sensation in the shoulder, arm, and hand is damaged during birth. This injury can lead to weakness, loss of movement,…
Introduction Dupuytren’s contracture is a progressive hand condition characterized by thickening and tightening of the connective tissue (fascia) beneath the skin of the palm and fingers. Over time, this can cause one or more fingers—most commonly the ring and little…
Introduction Dysmelia is a congenital condition characterized by abnormal development of the limbs, resulting in missing, shortened, or malformed arms, legs, hands, or feet. The severity and presentation of dysmelia can vary widely, from minor differences in limb length to…
Introduction Shin splints, also known as medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), is a common condition causing pain along the shinbone (tibia). It is often experienced by athletes, runners, and individuals who engage in high-impact activities. Shin splints result from overuse…
Introduction Hallux rigidus is a degenerative condition affecting the big toe joint, leading to stiffness, pain, and reduced range of motion. It is a form of osteoarthritis that primarily impacts the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint at the base of the big…
Introduction Hallux valgus, commonly known as a bunion, is a deformity of the big toe joint where the big toe deviates toward the other toes, causing a prominent bump on the inner side of the foot. This condition can lead…
Introduction Hammertoe is a deformity in which one or more of the smaller toes become bent at the middle joint, causing the toe to resemble a hammer. This condition can lead to pain, difficulty wearing shoes, and problems with walking.…
Introduction Leg length discrepancy (LLD) in children refers to a condition where one leg is shorter than the other. This difference can range from a few millimeters to several centimeters and may affect walking, posture, and overall musculoskeletal health. Early…
Introduction Heel pain is a common complaint that can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life. It can arise from various causes, ranging from overuse injuries to structural problems. Early recognition and appropriate management are essential to relieve pain,…
Introduction Osgood-Schlatter disease is a common cause of knee pain in growing children and adolescents, especially those who are physically active. The condition involves inflammation of the area just below the knee where the patellar tendon attaches to the shinbone…
