Introduction High blood fat levels, also known as hyperlipidemia or high cholesterol, refer to elevated levels of fats (lipids) such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. Over time, these fats can build up in the walls of blood vessels,…
Introduction Temporal arteritis, also known as giant cell arteritis, is an inflammatory condition that affects the large and medium-sized arteries, particularly those in the head and neck. The inflammation can cause headaches, vision problems, and jaw pain, and may lead…
Introduction Gangrene is a serious condition that occurs when body tissue dies due to a lack of blood supply or a severe infection. It most commonly affects the extremities, such as the toes, fingers, feet, or hands, but can also…
Introduction Angina is a type of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen-rich blood. It is often a symptom of underlying heart disease, particularly coronary artery disease. Angina can be a warning…
Introduction Claudication, often referred to as “leg angina,” is pain, cramping, or fatigue in the legs that occurs during physical activity and is relieved by rest. It is a common symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD), a condition where narrowed…
Introduction Vasculitis is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels. This inflammation can cause the walls of blood vessels to thicken, weaken, narrow, or scar, restricting blood flow to organs and tissues. Vasculitis can affect any…
Introduction Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that most commonly appear in the legs and feet. They occur when the valves in the veins do not function properly, causing blood to pool and the veins to swell. While varicose veins…
Introduction Atherosclerosis is a condition in which the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to a buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances—collectively known as plaque—on their inner walls. This process can restrict blood flow and increase the risk…
Introduction Polycythemia is a condition in which the body produces too many red blood cells. This increases the thickness of the blood, making it harder for blood to flow and raising the risk of blood clots, stroke, and other complications.…
Introduction Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to the tissues. This can lead to fatigue, weakness, and a range of other symptoms. Anemia is common and…
