Bartholinitis is an infection or inflammation of the Bartholin’s glands, which are located on either side of the vaginal opening. These glands help lubricate the vagina, but when their ducts become blocked, infection can occur, leading to pain and swelling.
Causes
Bartholinitis is usually caused by bacteria entering the Bartholin’s gland duct. Common bacteria include:
- Escherichia coli (E. coli)
- Sexually transmitted bacteria such as gonorrhea or chlamydia
- Other skin or vaginal bacteria
Blockage of the gland’s duct can lead to the formation of a cyst, which may become infected and form an abscess.
Symptoms
Symptoms of bartholinitis may include:
- Swelling and tenderness near the vaginal opening
- Pain, especially when walking, sitting, or during intercourse
- Redness and warmth in the affected area
- Fever or general feeling of being unwell (if an abscess forms)
- Sometimes, a visible lump or pus drainage
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on:
- A physical examination of the vulva and vaginal area
- Medical history and discussion of symptoms
- In some cases, a sample of fluid may be taken to identify the bacteria causing the infection
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the severity of the infection:
- Warm sitz baths: Soaking the area in warm water several times a day can help the gland drain and relieve discomfort.
- Antibiotics: Prescribed if the infection is caused by bacteria, especially if an abscess is present or if the infection is severe.
- Drainage: If an abscess forms, a minor surgical procedure may be needed to drain the pus.
- Marsupialization: In cases of recurrent cysts or abscesses, a surgical procedure may be performed to create a permanent opening for drainage.
Prevention
To help prevent bartholinitis:
- Practice good personal hygiene
- Use protection during sexual activity to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections
- Seek prompt treatment for any vaginal or urinary infections
Takeaway
Bartholinitis is a painful but treatable infection of the Bartholin’s glands. Early treatment can relieve symptoms and prevent complications. If you notice swelling, pain, or a lump near the vaginal opening, consult a healthcare provider.