Introduction Hallux valgus, commonly known as a bunion, is a deformity of the big toe joint where the big toe deviates toward the other toes, causing a prominent bump on the inner side of the foot. This condition can lead…
Introduction Hallux rigidus is a degenerative condition affecting the big toe joint, leading to stiffness, pain, and reduced range of motion. It is a form of osteoarthritis that primarily impacts the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint at the base of the big…
Introduction Shin splints, also known as medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), is a common condition causing pain along the shinbone (tibia). It is often experienced by athletes, runners, and individuals who engage in high-impact activities. Shin splints result from overuse…
Introduction Dysmelia is a congenital condition characterized by abnormal development of the limbs, resulting in missing, shortened, or malformed arms, legs, hands, or feet. The severity and presentation of dysmelia can vary widely, from minor differences in limb length to…
Introduction Dupuytren’s contracture is a progressive hand condition characterized by thickening and tightening of the connective tissue (fascia) beneath the skin of the palm and fingers. Over time, this can cause one or more fingers—most commonly the ring and little…
Introduction A brachial plexus injury in newborns is a condition that occurs when the network of nerves controlling movement and sensation in the shoulder, arm, and hand is damaged during birth. This injury can lead to weakness, loss of movement,…
Introduction Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This nerve compression leads to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness in the…
Introduction A ganglion cyst is a noncancerous, fluid-filled lump that typically develops along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands, but can also appear on the ankles or feet. These cysts are generally harmless but may cause discomfort,…
Introduction Toe walking is a gait pattern in which a child walks on the balls of their feet, with little or no contact between the heels and the ground. While toe walking is common in toddlers who are just learning…
Introduction Osgood-Schlatter disease is a common cause of knee pain in growing children and adolescents, especially those who are physically active. The condition involves inflammation of the area just below the knee where the patellar tendon attaches to the shinbone…
