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Melasma is an acquired hypermelanosis presenting as symmetric hyperpigmented macules and patches on sun-exposed facial skin (centrofacial, malar, mandibular patterns). It results from UV/visible light exposure interacting with genetic, hormonal, and vascular factors, with increased melanogenesis and dermal changes. Management…
Complications aren’t inevitable. With steady habits and routine checkups, most can be prevented, delayed, or caught early when they’re most treatable. What to know Why complications happen: Over time, high glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol can damage small vessels (eyes,…
Introduction Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by permanent enlargement and damage of the airways (bronchi). This structural change impairs the normal clearing of mucus, leading to frequent infections and inflammation. Bronchiectasis can affect people of all ages and…
