Introduction Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea and constipation, are common and can often be attributed to dietary changes, stress, or minor infections. However, the presence of blood in the stool is a more concerning symptom that warrants medical…
Introduction Amoebic infection, also known as amoebiasis, is an intestinal illness caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. This infection is most common in areas with poor sanitation and is typically spread through contaminated food or water. While many people infected…
Introduction Dysentery is a type of intestinal infection that causes severe diarrhea with blood and mucus. One of the most common causes of dysentery worldwide is infection with the bacterium Shigella. Shigella dysentery, also known as shigellosis, is highly contagious…
Introduction Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by infection with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is most commonly found in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water. Cholera can cause rapid dehydration and, if left untreated,…
Introduction Salmonella infection, also known as salmonellosis, is a common bacterial illness that affects the digestive system. It is typically caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with Salmonella bacteria. While most cases result in mild to moderate gastrointestinal…
Introduction Traveler’s diarrhea (TD) is a common illness that affects people traveling to areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. It is typically caused by consuming food or water contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or parasites. While TD is usually mild and…
Introduction Winter vomiting disease, commonly known as norovirus infection, is a highly contagious viral illness that causes sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea. Norovirus, a member of the calicivirus family, is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Outbreaks…
Introduction Gallstones are solid particles that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver. The gallbladder stores bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. Gallstones can range in size from tiny grains to large stones and…
Introduction Hepatitis A is a contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). It is usually a short-term illness that does not lead to chronic liver disease, but it can cause significant discomfort and, in rare cases, severe…
Introduction Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Unlike hepatitis A, hepatitis B can become chronic, leading to long-term liver damage, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure. Hepatitis B is spread through contact with…
