Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system damages the protective covering of nerve fibers (myelin), causing communication problems between the…
Introduction Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues and organs. It can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain, leading to a wide range of symptoms. Common signs include extreme…
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the joints. This leads to pain, swelling, stiffness, and eventually joint damage if left untreated. Unlike osteoarthritis, which comes from wear and tear, RA…
Introduction Pollen allergy, also known as hay fever or seasonal allergic rhinitis, is an allergic reaction to pollen released by trees, grasses, and weeds. When someone with pollen allergy inhales the allergens, the immune system overreacts, causing symptoms such as…
Introduction Nut and peanut allergies are among the most serious and common food allergies worldwide. They occur when the immune system mistakenly identifies proteins in peanuts or tree nuts (such as almonds, cashews, walnuts, or hazelnuts) as harmful. For some…
Introduction Nickel allergy is one of the most common contact allergies. It occurs when the immune system reacts to nickel, a metal frequently found in jewelry, watches, zippers, eyeglass frames, coins, and even some electronics. The reaction usually develops on…
Introduction Mold allergy is caused by an immune system reaction to inhaled mold spores, which are found both indoors and outdoors. Mold thrives in damp, humid environments such as bathrooms, basements, and areas with water damage. Symptoms are similar to…
Introduction Food allergy is an immune system reaction that occurs soon after eating a specific food. Even a tiny amount of the allergen can trigger symptoms such as hives, swelling, stomach pain, nausea, or difficulty breathing. Common food allergens include…
Introduction Lactose intolerance is a digestive condition where the body cannot properly break down lactose, the natural sugar found in milk and dairy products. This happens when the small intestine doesn’t produce enough of the enzyme lactase. Symptoms usually appear…
Introduction Dust mite allergy is a common indoor allergy caused by tiny organisms that thrive in warm, humid environments such as bedding, carpets, and upholstered furniture. These microscopic creatures feed on dead skin cells and produce waste that can trigger…
