Introduction Hydrocephalus is a medical condition in which there is an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the cavities (ventricles) of the brain. This excess fluid increases pressure inside the skull, which can damage brain tissues and affect physical…
Introduction Fatigue is a common symptom experienced during or after many illnesses. It is more than just feeling tired—it is a persistent sense of exhaustion that can affect physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Fatigue due to illness can interfere with…
Introduction Meningitis and encephalitis are serious conditions that involve inflammation of the brain and its surrounding tissues. Meningitis refers to inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord, while encephalitis is inflammation of the brain itself.…
Introduction Japanese encephalitis is a serious viral infection that affects the brain and is transmitted by mosquitoes. It is most common in rural and agricultural areas of Asia and the Western Pacific. While most infections are mild or asymptomatic, severe…
Introduction Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a highly infectious viral disease that primarily affects young children. The virus can invade the nervous system and, in severe cases, cause paralysis, muscle weakness, or even death. Thanks to widespread vaccination efforts, polio has…
Introduction Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection that affects the brain and central nervous system. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks, most commonly in forested and grassy areas during the warmer months. TBE can…
Introduction Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive neurological disorder that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Over time, ALS leads to muscle weakness, loss of movement, and eventually difficulty with…
Introduction Facial paralysis is a condition where the muscles on one or both sides of the face become weak or unable to move. This can affect facial expressions, speech, eating, and even eye protection. Facial paralysis can develop suddenly or…
Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of lifelong disorders that affect movement, muscle tone, and posture. It is caused by damage to the developing brain, usually before, during, or shortly after birth. The effects of CP can range from…
Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers, leading to inflammation and damage. This…
