Introduction Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, causing symptoms such as cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Pneumonia can range from mild…
Introduction Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is an inflammation of the pleura, which are the two large, thin layers of tissue that separate the lungs from the chest wall. These layers are normally smooth and lubricated, allowing the lungs to…
Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common virus that infects the respiratory tract, especially in infants and young children. While RSV usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms, it can lead to more serious illnesses such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia, particularly…
Introduction Sarcoidosis is a rare, chronic inflammatory disease that can affect multiple organs in the body, most commonly the lungs and lymph nodes. It is characterized by the formation of small clusters of inflammatory cells called granulomas. These granulomas can…
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It most commonly affects the lungs but can also involve other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, bones, kidneys, and brain. TB is a significant…
Introduction Mycoplasma infection is a respiratory illness most commonly caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. This infection is often referred to as “walking pneumonia” because symptoms are usually milder than those of typical pneumonia, and many people are able to…
Introduction Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), occurs when a person ascends to high altitudes too quickly, typically above 2,500 meters (8,200 feet). At higher elevations, the air contains less oxygen, which can make it difficult for…
