Chilblains are small, itchy, painful red-purple patches on fingers or toes after exposure to cold, damp conditions. They’re due to abnormal small-vessel reactions—not frostbite—and usually resolve in 1–3 weeks.
How it looks/feels
- Tender, itchy, or burning red-purple spots on toes, fingers, heels, ears, or nose.
- Swelling; sometimes small blisters or superficial sores.
- Flares within hours to a day after cold, damp exposure; worse with rapid rewarming.
Who gets it
- People with low BMI, poor circulation, or Raynaud’s phenomenon.
- Outdoor workers, runners/cyclists in cold, and those in unheated homes.
Home care
- Warm gradually (not hot). Avoid direct high heat.
- Keep affected areas dry; change out of damp socks/gloves quickly.
- Elevate if swollen; use gentle emollients to protect skin.
- For itch/pain: oral NSAIDs if appropriate; topical mild steroids can reduce inflammation.
Prevention
- Layered, insulated, moisture-wicking socks and gloves; avoid tight shoes.
- Pre-warm shoes/gloves; use toe/hand warmers as needed.
- Keep feet/hands dry; consider water-resistant footwear.
- Avoid smoking (worsens circulation).
When to see a clinician
- Recurrent or severe lesions, ulceration, or signs of infection (increasing pain, pus, fever).
- If lesions occur without clear cold exposure or don’t heal—rule out “chilblain lupus,” vasculitis, or blood disorders.
- If you have Raynaud’s and frequent chilblains: calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipine) may help; discuss with your clinician.