Introduction
Claudication, often referred to as “leg angina,” is pain, cramping, or fatigue in the legs that occurs during physical activity and is relieved by rest. It is a common symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD), a condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs. Recognizing and managing claudication is important for maintaining mobility and preventing complications.
Causes
Claudication is most commonly caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries that supply blood to the legs. This narrowing restricts blood flow, especially during exercise when muscles need more oxygen. Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and a family history of vascular disease.
Symptoms
The main symptom of claudication is muscle pain, cramping, or weakness in the legs—usually in the calves, thighs, or buttocks—during walking or exercise. The discomfort typically goes away with rest and returns with activity. In more severe cases, pain may occur at rest, and wounds on the feet or legs may heal poorly.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves a medical history, physical examination, and tests such as the ankle-brachial index (ABI), which compares blood pressure in the ankle and arm. Ultrasound, CT, or MRI angiography may be used to assess blood flow and locate blockages. If you experience leg pain during activity, consult a doctor for evaluation and diagnosis.
Treatment Options
Treatment for claudication focuses on improving blood flow, relieving symptoms, and addressing underlying risk factors. Lifestyle changes are essential: quitting smoking, exercising regularly (such as supervised walking programs), eating a heart-healthy diet, and managing blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes.
Medications may be prescribed to improve blood flow, reduce pain, or prevent blood clots. In some cases, procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery may be needed to restore circulation. Simple measures like wearing comfortable shoes and caring for your feet can help prevent complications. If symptoms worsen or interfere with daily life, consult a doctor to review your treatment plan.
Prevention
Preventing claudication involves managing risk factors for vascular disease: avoid smoking, maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet, and control blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar. Regular check-ups are important for early detection and management.
Takeaway
Claudication is a sign of reduced blood flow to the legs and can limit mobility if left untreated. With lifestyle changes, medical care, and ongoing support, most people can manage symptoms and maintain an active life. If you notice leg pain during activity, consult a doctor for assessment and guidance.