Diabetes and Older Adults — Tailoring Care for Safety and Quality of Life

For older adults, the safest plan is often the simplest. The goals: fewer lows, fewer burdens, and more good days.

What to know

  • Individualize targets:
    • Tighter goals if healthy/independent; looser targets if multiple conditions, cognitive/functional limits, or high hypoglycemia risk.
    • Avoid hypoglycemia—it’s linked to falls, heart events, and hospitalizations.
  • Simplify regimens:
    • Prefer low‑hypo‑risk meds (metformin if tolerated, DPP‑4i, SGLT2i, GLP‑1 RA); review need for sulfonylureas and complex insulin plans.
    • Once‑daily dosing and fixed‑dose combinations can reduce complexity.
  • Comprehensive care:
    • Screen for complications, falls risk, neuropathy, vision/hearing issues, depression, cognitive change, malnutrition.
    • Review polypharmacy and kidney function regularly.

Take action

  • Medication review every visit:
    • Ask, “Can we simplify?” Consider deprescribing agents with high hypo risk or limited benefit.
  • Nutrition that fits appetite and dentition:
    • Protein at each meal (eggs, dairy, fish, beans); easy‑to‑chew options; hydrate; address food insecurity.
  • Activity for function:
    • Aim for walking plus 2–3 days of light strength and balance (sit‑to‑stands, heel raises, light bands, tai chi).
  • Safety setup:
    • Check vision/footwear; remove trip hazards; keep hypo treatment visible; set CGM/meter alerts conservatively if used.

Talk to your clinician about

  • Personalized A1c/BG targets and reducing hypoglycemia risk.
  • Kidney‑appropriate doses; when to pause SGLT2i during illness/surgery.
  • Whether insulin can be simplified to basal‑only or fewer injections.
  • Vaccinations (influenza, pneumococcal, shingles, COVID‑19, Tdap).

Quick glossary

  • Deprescribing: safely reducing or stopping medications that no longer help or may harm.
  • Polypharmacy: taking many medications—raises interaction and side‑effect risks.
  • Time‑in‑Range (TIR): CGM percent of readings in target range; can complement A1c.

Safety note

Any confusion, falls, chest pain, severe low blood sugar, or sudden weakness/vision/speech problems needs urgent evaluation.

References

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