Exposure to intense light can cause temporary damage to the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. This condition, known as photokeratitis, can occur from reflected sunlight (snow blindness) or from looking directly at a welding arc (welder’s flash). While the symptoms can be painful and disruptive, the condition usually resolves on its own within a few days.
Symptoms
The symptoms of photokeratitis typically appear 6 to 12 hours after exposure to the bright light. Common symptoms include eye pain, sensitivity to light, tearing, redness, blurred vision, a gritty sensation in the eyes, difficulty opening the eyes, and twitching of the eyelids. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the intensity and duration of the light exposure.
Causes
Photokeratitis is caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which damages the cells on the surface of the cornea. Snow blindness occurs when sunlight reflects off snow, water, or sand, increasing the intensity of UV radiation reaching the eyes. Welder’s flash occurs when looking directly at a welding arc without proper eye protection. The intense UV radiation from the welding arc can cause significant damage to the cornea.
Diagnosis
In most cases, photokeratitis can be diagnosed based on the symptoms and a history of exposure to bright light. A healthcare provider will examine the eyes to assess the extent of the damage and rule out other conditions. The examination may include checking visual acuity, examining the cornea with a slit lamp, and measuring the pressure inside the eye.
Treatment Options
The treatment for photokeratitis focuses on relieving symptoms and promoting healing. The condition usually resolves on its own within 24 to 48 hours. Staying in a dark room can help to reduce light sensitivity. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help to relieve pain. Artificial tears can help to lubricate the eyes and reduce the gritty sensation. In some cases, a healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotic eye drops to prevent infection.
Prevention
Preventing photokeratitis is essential for protecting your eyes from damage. Wear sunglasses that block 100% of UV rays when outdoors, especially in bright sunlight or when near reflective surfaces such as snow or water. When skiing or snowboarding, wear tinted goggles with UV protection. When welding, always wear a welding helmet or shield with a proper filter lens to protect your eyes from the intense UV radiation. Avoid looking directly at the sun or other sources of intense light.
Takeaway
Eye damage from bright light, such as snow blindness and welder’s flash, is a temporary condition that can cause pain and vision disturbances. Protecting your eyes from UV radiation by wearing sunglasses or protective eyewear is essential for preventing this condition. If you experience symptoms of photokeratitis, seek medical attention to relieve symptoms and promote healing.