Hantavirus infections, such as those caused by the Puumala virus, are rare viral illnesses that can be contracted from wild rodents. In some parts of the world, including northern Europe, this illness is known as “sorkfeber.” In the United States, hantavirus infections are most often associated with deer mice and other wild rodents, especially in rural or wooded areas.
How Hantavirus Spreads
Hantavirus is carried by wild rodents, and people can become infected by inhaling dust contaminated with rodent urine or droppings. This can happen, for example, when cleaning cabins, sheds, or other places where rodents have been present. The virus is not spread from person to person.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of hantavirus infection include:
- High fever
- Muscle aches
- Headache
- Severe abdominal and back pain
The virus can also affect the kidneys, sometimes leading to temporary kidney failure. This may be noticed as a decrease in urination early in the illness.
When to Seek Medical Care
If you develop a high fever, muscle aches, headache, and severe abdominal or back pain—especially after possible exposure to rodent-infested areas—contact your healthcare provider promptly. Early evaluation is important, as hantavirus can sometimes cause serious complications.
Reducing Your Risk
To lower your risk of hantavirus infection:
- Wear gloves and a high-quality mask (such as an N95 or FFP3) when cleaning areas where rodents may have been.
- Avoid sweeping or vacuuming dry rodent droppings, as this can stir up infectious dust. Instead, use wet cleaning methods with disinfectant and disposable cloths.
- Wash your hands thoroughly after cleaning.
- If raking leaves or cleaning up outdoors, do so after rain or watering to reduce dust.
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for hantavirus infection, but most people recover fully within one to two weeks. Supportive care, such as pain relievers and fever reducers, can help manage symptoms. In rare cases, if the kidneys are severely affected, hospitalization and temporary dialysis may be needed.
Reporting
Hantavirus infection is a reportable disease in the US. Healthcare providers are required to notify public health authorities if a case is diagnosed.
Takeaways
Hantavirus infection is a rare but potentially serious illness caused by viruses carried by wild rodents. It is not spread between people. The main risk comes from inhaling dust contaminated with rodent urine or droppings, especially when cleaning in rural or wooded areas. Symptoms include high fever, muscle aches, headache, and abdominal or back pain, and the kidneys can be affected. Most people recover fully, but prompt medical attention is important if you develop symptoms after possible rodent exposure. Preventive measures include using protective gear and wet cleaning methods when working in areas where rodents may have been present.