Introduction
Mallet finger, also known as drop finger, is a condition in which the fingertip cannot be straightened due to damage to the tendon that extends the finger. This injury typically occurs when a ball or other object strikes the tip of the finger, forcing it to bend further than it should. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to restore finger function and prevent long-term complications.
Causes
Mallet finger is caused by a disruption of the extensor tendon, which is responsible for straightening the fingertip. The disruption can occur in several ways:
- Tendon Rupture: The tendon itself can tear or rupture.
- Avulsion Fracture: A small piece of bone attached to the tendon can break away from the finger bone (distal phalanx).
- Direct Trauma: A direct blow to the fingertip, such as from a ball or other object, is the most common cause.
- Laceration: A cut on the back of the finger can sever the tendon.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of mallet finger is the inability to straighten the fingertip. Other symptoms include:
- Drooping Fingertip: The fingertip droops downward and cannot be actively straightened.
- Pain: Pain and tenderness at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, which is the joint closest to the fingertip.
- Swelling: Swelling and redness around the DIP joint.
- Bruising: Bruising may be present, especially if the injury was caused by a direct blow.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically based on a physical examination:
- Medical History: Review of the injury and symptoms.
- Physical Examination: Assessment of the finger’s range of motion and ability to extend the fingertip.
- X-rays: X-rays are often taken to determine if there is an avulsion fracture.
Treatment Options
Treatment aims to restore the ability to straighten the fingertip and prevent stiffness:
- Splinting: The most common treatment is to splint the fingertip in a fully extended position for 6-8 weeks. The splint keeps the tendon ends close together, allowing them to heal.
- Continuous Splinting: It is crucial to wear the splint continuously, even while sleeping, to prevent the tendon from retracting.
- Surgical Intervention: Surgery may be necessary if there is a large avulsion fracture or if the tendon cannot be properly aligned with splinting alone. Surgical options include pinning or wiring the joint.
- Physical Therapy: After the splint is removed, physical therapy exercises can help restore strength and range of motion.
Prevention
Preventive measures include:
- Protective Gear: Wearing gloves or other protective gear during activities that pose a risk of finger injury.
- Proper Technique: Using proper techniques during sports or other activities to reduce the risk of injury.
- Prompt Treatment: Seeking prompt medical attention for any finger injuries.
Takeaway
Mallet finger is a common injury that can result in the inability to straighten the fingertip. Early diagnosis and consistent splinting are essential for successful treatment. If you experience a finger injury that prevents you from straightening your fingertip, consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation and appropriate management.