Mycoplasma are a type of bacteria that lack a cell wall, making them different from other bacteria. Several species of Mycoplasma can infect the genital area, with Mycoplasma genitalium being the most common and well-studied. These infections can cause symptoms similar to other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Causes
Mycoplasma genitalium is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person. It is not spread through casual contact.
Symptoms
Many people with Mycoplasma genitalium infection do not experience symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- In women: Vaginal discharge, pain or burning during urination, bleeding after sex, and pelvic pain.
- In men: Urethritis (inflammation of the urethra), painful urination, and discharge from the penis.
If left untreated, Mycoplasma genitalium can lead to complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and urethritis in men.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Mycoplasma genitalium infection is typically done through laboratory tests. A healthcare provider may take a urine sample or swab from the affected area (cervix or urethra) to detect the bacteria using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs).
Treatment Options
Mycoplasma genitalium is treated with antibiotics. However, the bacteria have developed resistance to some antibiotics, so it is important to follow the healthcare provider’s instructions and complete the full course of treatment. Common antibiotics used include azithromycin and moxifloxacin. Sexual partners should also be tested and treated to prevent reinfection.
Prevention
To reduce the risk of Mycoplasma genitalium infection:
- Use condoms or dental dams during sexual activity.
- Limit the number of sexual partners.
- Get tested if you have symptoms of an STI or have been exposed to an infected person.
Takeaway
Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause symptoms similar to other STIs. Testing and treatment are important to prevent complications and transmission.