Nasal polyps are soft, non-cancerous growths that develop on the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses. While small polyps often go unnoticed, larger ones can block airflow, leading to persistent nasal congestion and other symptoms. Polyps are more common in adults and rarely affect children.
What Causes Nasal Polyps?
Nasal polyps form when the mucous membranes in the nose or sinuses become chronically inflamed. This inflammation can be triggered by conditions such as chronic sinus infections, asthma, or sensitivity to aspirin. The polyps usually develop deep inside the nasal passages, making them difficult to see without a medical examination. It is possible to have one or several polyps, and they often appear on both sides of the nose.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Small nasal polyps may not cause any symptoms at all. However, as they grow, they can lead to ongoing nasal congestion that does not improve, a reduced sense of smell or taste, and frequent runny nose. These symptoms often develop gradually over several years, but in some cases, they can appear more quickly. Even if polyps are present in both nostrils, symptoms may be more pronounced on one side.
Diagnosis and Medical Evaluation
If you experience persistent nasal congestion that does not improve after several weeks, it is important to consult a healthcare provider. A doctor will examine your nose, sometimes using a special instrument or a thin, flexible camera to look deeper into the nasal passages. In some cases, imaging tests such as a CT scan may be needed to determine the size and location of the polyps.
Treatment Options
The first line of treatment for nasal polyps is usually a corticosteroid nasal spray, which helps reduce inflammation and shrink the polyps. It may take several weeks to notice improvement, and while the polyps may not disappear completely, symptoms often become much more manageable. In some cases, a short course of oral corticosteroids may be prescribed to speed up the reduction in size.
If symptoms persist despite medication, surgery may be recommended to remove the polyps. The procedure is typically performed using minimally invasive techniques, and most people can go home the same day. After surgery, it is common to experience swelling and congestion for a few days. Nasal packing may be used to control bleeding, and you will receive instructions on when and how to remove it.
Preventing Recurrence
Nasal polyps can return even after successful treatment or surgery. To reduce the risk of recurrence, ongoing use of corticosteroid nasal sprays is often recommended. Regular follow-up with your healthcare provider can help monitor your condition and adjust treatment as needed.
Takeaway
Nasal polyps are a common cause of long-term nasal congestion and reduced sense of smell. With proper treatment, most people experience significant relief. If you have persistent symptoms, seek medical advice to explore your options for diagnosis and management.