Prolapse refers to the descent or displacement of organs from their normal position. In women, this often involves the pelvic organs, such as the uterus, bladder, or rectum, dropping down into the vagina.
Causes
Pelvic organ prolapse can occur due to:
- Weakening of pelvic floor muscles: Pregnancy, childbirth, aging, and obesity can weaken the muscles and ligaments that support the pelvic organs.
- Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus can weaken support for other pelvic organs.
- Chronic straining: Conditions like chronic cough, constipation, or heavy lifting can increase pressure on the pelvic floor.
- Genetic factors: Some women may have a genetic predisposition to weaker connective tissues.
Symptoms
Symptoms of prolapse can vary depending on the organ involved and the severity of the prolapse:
- Feeling of pressure or fullness in the vagina
- Sensation of something falling out of the vagina
- Difficulty with urination or bowel movements
- Urinary incontinence or urgency
- Pain during intercourse
- Lower back pain
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Pelvic examination: To assess the degree of prolapse.
- Medical history: To identify risk factors and symptoms.
- Bladder function tests: To evaluate urinary symptoms.
- Imaging tests: In some cases, MRI or ultrasound may be used.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the severity of the prolapse and the individual’s preferences:
- Lifestyle changes: Weight loss, avoiding heavy lifting, and managing constipation.
- Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels): To strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.
- Pessary: A removable device inserted into the vagina to support the pelvic organs.
- Surgery: To repair or reconstruct the pelvic floor and restore the organs to their normal position.
Prevention
To help prevent prolapse:
- Perform regular pelvic floor exercises
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Avoid heavy lifting
- Manage chronic cough or constipation
Takeaway
Prolapse is a common condition that can affect women of all ages. While it can cause uncomfortable symptoms, various treatment options are available to improve quality of life.