Introduction Reye’s syndrome is a rare but serious condition that causes sudden swelling in the liver and brain. It most often affects children and teenagers recovering from a viral infection, such as the flu or chickenpox. The exact cause is…
Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia, gradually interfering with a person’s ability to carry out daily activities. While there is currently no cure, early…
Introduction Dementia is a collective term for a range of diseases and conditions that cause a decline in memory, thinking, behavior, and the ability to perform everyday activities. Dementia is not a single disease, but rather a group of symptoms…
Introduction Hydrocephalus is a medical condition in which there is an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the cavities (ventricles) of the brain. This excess fluid increases pressure inside the skull, which can damage brain tissues and affect physical…
Introduction A stroke is a serious medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This can lead to brain cell damage or death within…
Introduction Epidemic meningitis is a serious infectious disease that causes inflammation of the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It often occurs in outbreaks, particularly in regions where the disease is more common. Prompt recognition and treatment are…
Introduction Meningitis and encephalitis are serious conditions that involve inflammation of the brain and its surrounding tissues. Meningitis refers to inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord, while encephalitis is inflammation of the brain itself.…
Introduction Japanese encephalitis is a serious viral infection that affects the brain and is transmitted by mosquitoes. It is most common in rural and agricultural areas of Asia and the Western Pacific. While most infections are mild or asymptomatic, severe…
Introduction Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection that affects the brain and central nervous system. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks, most commonly in forested and grassy areas during the warmer months. TBE can…
