Introduction Hallux rigidus is a degenerative condition affecting the big toe joint, leading to stiffness, pain, and reduced range of motion. It is a form of osteoarthritis that primarily impacts the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint at the base of the big…
Introduction Hallux valgus, commonly known as a bunion, is a deformity of the big toe joint where the big toe deviates toward the other toes, causing a prominent bump on the inner side of the foot. This condition can lead…
Introduction Hammertoe is a deformity in which one or more of the smaller toes become bent at the middle joint, causing the toe to resemble a hammer. This condition can lead to pain, difficulty wearing shoes, and problems with walking.…
Introduction Achilles tendinitis is an overuse injury that causes inflammation of the Achilles tendon, the large tendon connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone. This condition is common among runners, athletes, and individuals who suddenly increase their level of…
Introduction Plantar fasciitis is a common condition causing pain in the heel and arch of the foot. It results from inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot from the…
Introduction Cavus foot, also known as high-arched foot, is a condition characterized by an abnormally high arch on the sole of the foot. This structural abnormality can lead to uneven weight distribution, increased stress on the heel and ball of…
Introduction In-toeing (also known as pigeon toe) and out-toeing are conditions where the feet turn inward or outward when walking or standing. These conditions are common in children and can result from various factors affecting the bones, muscles, or joints…
Introduction Clubfoot, medically known as pes equinovarus adductus (PEVA), is a congenital deformity in which one or both feet are twisted inward and downward. This condition is present at birth and affects the bones, muscles, tendons, and blood vessels of…
Introduction Flatfoot, also known as pes planus or fallen arches, is a condition where the arch of the foot is lower than normal or absent, causing the entire sole to touch the ground when standing. This condition can be present…
Introduction Morton’s neuroma is a painful condition affecting the ball of the foot, most commonly between the third and fourth toes. It involves thickening of the tissue around one of the nerves leading to the toes, resulting in pain, tingling,…
