Introduction Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Unlike hepatitis A, hepatitis B can become chronic, leading to long-term liver damage, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure. Hepatitis B is spread through contact with…
Introduction Gallstones are solid particles that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver. The gallbladder stores bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. Gallstones can range in size from tiny grains to large stones and…
Introduction Bowel obstruction, also known as intestinal obstruction or “tarmvred” in Swedish, is a serious condition where the normal flow of contents through the intestines is blocked. This blockage can occur in either the small or large intestine and may…
Introduction Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from the mouth to the anus. It is characterized by inflammation that extends deep into the layers of the bowel…
Introduction Microscopic colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by chronic inflammation of the large intestine (colon) that can only be seen under a microscope. Unlike other forms of IBD, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,…
Introduction Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the innermost lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is characterized by inflammation and ulcers (sores) in the colon lining, leading to a variety of…
Introduction Fecal incontinence, also known as bowel incontinence, is the inability to control bowel movements, resulting in the involuntary leakage of stool. This condition can range from occasional leakage of small amounts of stool to a complete loss of bowel…
Introduction Abscesses and fistulas around the anal opening are conditions that involve infection and abnormal connections in the tissues near the anus. An anal abscess is a collection of pus caused by infection, while an anal fistula is a small…
Introduction Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the anus and rectum that can cause pain, itching, and bleeding. They are a common condition, affecting many adults at some point in their lives. Hemorrhoids can be located inside the rectum (internal hemorrhoids)…
Introduction Itching around the anal opening, also known as pruritus ani, is a common symptom that can affect both children and adults. While it is often mild and temporary, persistent itching can be uncomfortable and sometimes embarrassing. Identifying and treating…
