Introduction A ganglion cyst is a noncancerous, fluid-filled lump that typically develops along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands, but can also appear on the ankles or feet. These cysts are generally harmless but may cause discomfort,…
Introduction Dupuytren’s contracture is a progressive hand condition characterized by thickening and tightening of the connective tissue (fascia) beneath the skin of the palm and fingers. Over time, this can cause one or more fingers—most commonly the ring and little…
Introduction Dysmelia is a congenital condition characterized by abnormal development of the limbs, resulting in missing, shortened, or malformed arms, legs, hands, or feet. The severity and presentation of dysmelia can vary widely, from minor differences in limb length to…
Introduction Hallux rigidus is a degenerative condition affecting the big toe joint, leading to stiffness, pain, and reduced range of motion. It is a form of osteoarthritis that primarily impacts the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint at the base of the big…
Introduction Hallux valgus, commonly known as a bunion, is a deformity of the big toe joint where the big toe deviates toward the other toes, causing a prominent bump on the inner side of the foot. This condition can lead…
Introduction Hammertoe is a deformity in which one or more of the smaller toes become bent at the middle joint, causing the toe to resemble a hammer. This condition can lead to pain, difficulty wearing shoes, and problems with walking.…
Introduction Achilles tendinitis is an overuse injury that causes inflammation of the Achilles tendon, the large tendon connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone. This condition is common among runners, athletes, and individuals who suddenly increase their level of…
Introduction Leg length discrepancy (LLD) in children refers to a condition where one leg is shorter than the other. This difference can range from a few millimeters to several centimeters and may affect walking, posture, and overall musculoskeletal health. Early…
Introduction Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a common condition that causes pain on the outside of the elbow. It is an overuse injury that affects the tendons that attach the forearm muscles to the bony prominence (lateral…
Introduction Compartment syndrome is a serious medical condition that occurs when increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment impairs blood flow and nerve function. This can lead to tissue damage and, if untreated, permanent loss of function or even limb…
