Introduction Echinococcosis, sometimes referred to as hydatid disease or infection with the dwarf tapeworm, is a parasitic disease caused by tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. The most common species affecting humans are Echinococcus granulosus (causing cystic echinococcosis) and Echinococcus multilocularis…
Introduction Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection that occurs in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. It is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti…
Introduction Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection that primarily affects the mucous membranes of the throat and nose. It is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Although rare in countries with widespread vaccination, diphtheria can be life-threatening if not treated…
Introduction Ebola virus disease (EVD), commonly known as Ebola, is a rare but severe and often fatal illness caused by infection with the Ebola virus. Outbreaks have primarily occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, but the disease is a global health concern…
Introduction Yellow fever is a serious viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes, primarily in parts of Africa and South America. The disease gets its name from the jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) that can occur in severe cases. While…
Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the body fight infections. If left untreated, HIV can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a condition in…
Introduction Winter vomiting disease, commonly known as norovirus infection, is a highly contagious viral illness that causes sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea. Norovirus, a member of the calicivirus family, is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Outbreaks…
Introduction Legionnaires’ disease is a serious type of pneumonia caused by infection with Legionella bacteria. The illness is named after an outbreak at an American Legion convention in 1976, but cases now occur worldwide. Legionnaires’ disease most commonly affects older…
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It most commonly affects the lungs but can also involve other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, bones, kidneys, and brain. TB is a significant…
Introduction Dysentery is a type of intestinal infection that causes severe diarrhea with blood and mucus. One of the most common causes of dysentery worldwide is infection with the bacterium Shigella. Shigella dysentery, also known as shigellosis, is highly contagious…
