Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that occurs when the spermatic cord, which provides blood flow to the testicle, becomes twisted. This twisting cuts off the blood supply to the testicle, and if not treated quickly, it can lead to permanent damage and loss of the testicle.
Causes
Testicular torsion typically occurs due to:
- Anatomical abnormality: Some individuals have a congenital condition called “bell clapper deformity,” where the testicle is not properly attached to the scrotum, allowing it to twist more easily.
- Spontaneous occurrence: Torsion can occur without any specific trigger, especially in young males.
- Trauma or physical activity: Less commonly, torsion may be triggered by an injury or strenuous exercise.
Symptoms
Symptoms of testicular torsion are usually sudden and severe:
- Sudden, intense pain in one testicle
- Swelling of the scrotum
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- One testicle may be higher than the other
- The affected testicle may be positioned horizontally instead of vertically
Testicular torsion is most common in adolescent males but can occur at any age.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis requires prompt medical evaluation:
- Physical examination: Assessing the position and tenderness of the testicle.
- Doppler ultrasound: To evaluate blood flow to the testicle.
- Surgical exploration: If the diagnosis is uncertain, surgery may be needed to confirm torsion.
Time is critical in diagnosing and treating testicular torsion.
Treatment Options
The primary treatment for testicular torsion is:
- Emergency surgery: To untwist the spermatic cord and restore blood flow to the testicle. Surgery should be performed as quickly as possible, ideally within 6 hours of symptom onset, to maximize the chances of saving the testicle.
In some cases, manual detorsion (untwisting the cord by hand) may be attempted, but surgery is usually necessary.
Prevention
There is no guaranteed way to prevent testicular torsion, but prompt medical attention for any sudden testicular pain can help ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
Takeaway
Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. If you experience sudden, severe testicular pain, seek medical care right away. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can save the testicle and prevent long-term complications.