Introduction
Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a condition that affects the tendons in the hand, causing pain, stiffness, and a sensation of locking or catching when bending or straightening the fingers. It occurs when the tendon sheath in the palm becomes inflamed, making it difficult for the tendon to glide smoothly. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to relieve symptoms and restore hand function.
Causes
Trigger finger is caused by inflammation and narrowing of the tendon sheath in the palm. Contributing factors include:
- Repetitive Hand Movements: Activities involving repetitive gripping, grasping, or squeezing can irritate the tendon sheath.
- Forceful Hand Use: Using the hands forcefully, especially with tools or equipment, can contribute to the condition.
- Underlying Medical Conditions: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and carpal tunnel syndrome can increase the risk of trigger finger.
- Age: Trigger finger is more common in individuals between 40 and 60 years old.
- Gender: Women are more likely to develop trigger finger than men.
Symptoms
The symptoms of trigger finger typically develop gradually and may include:
- Stiffness: Stiffness in the finger, especially in the morning.
- Pain: Pain at the base of the affected finger or in the palm.
- Clicking or Popping: A clicking or popping sensation when bending or straightening the finger.
- Tenderness: Tenderness to the touch in the palm at the base of the affected finger.
- Locking or Catching: The finger may lock in a bent position and then suddenly snap straight.
- Nodule: A small bump (nodule) may be felt in the palm at the base of the affected finger.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a physical examination:
- Medical History: Review of symptoms, activities, and any underlying medical conditions.
- Physical Examination: Assessment of the finger’s range of motion, palpation of the palm for nodules, and observation of any locking or catching.
Treatment Options
Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and restore normal finger movement:
- Rest and Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that worsen symptoms is essential for recovery.
- Splinting: Wearing a splint to keep the affected finger straight can help reduce inflammation and prevent locking.
- Ice Therapy: Applying ice packs to the palm can decrease pain and swelling.
- Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen can help manage pain and inflammation.
- Corticosteroid Injections: Injection of corticosteroids into the tendon sheath can provide significant relief for many individuals.
- Physical or Occupational Therapy: Exercises to improve finger flexibility and strength, as well as education on ergonomic techniques, can aid recovery and prevent recurrence.
- Surgery: In cases where conservative treatments fail, a surgical procedure may be performed to release the tendon sheath and allow the tendon to glide more freely.
Prevention
Preventive strategies focus on reducing strain and promoting healthy hand function:
- Ergonomic Adjustments: Use proper techniques and tools to minimize repetitive strain during work or daily activities.
- Frequent Breaks: Take regular breaks from activities that involve repetitive hand movements.
- Stretching Exercises: Perform regular stretching exercises to maintain flexibility in the fingers and hands.
- Proper Tool Use: Use tools with padded handles to reduce pressure on the palm.
Takeaway
Trigger finger is a common condition that can cause pain and limit hand function. Early recognition, activity modification, and appropriate treatment can lead to full recovery in most cases. If you experience symptoms of trigger finger, consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation and personalized management plan.