An undescended testicle, also known as cryptorchidism, is a condition in which one or both testicles fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum before birth. It is most common in premature infants but can also occur in full-term babies.
Causes
During fetal development, the testicles form in the abdomen and gradually descend into the scrotum. An undescended testicle can occur if this process is disrupted. Possible causes include:
- Hormonal imbalances: Hormones play a role in testicular descent.
- Physical obstruction: A blockage or anatomical issue may prevent the testicle from descending.
- Genetic factors: Some cases may be related to genetic conditions.
Symptoms
The main symptom of an undescended testicle is:
- One or both testicles cannot be felt in the scrotum
In some cases, the testicle may be felt in the groin area but cannot be moved into the scrotum.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made during a physical examination shortly after birth. If the testicle cannot be felt, further evaluation may be needed to locate it. This may include:
- Physical examination: A thorough examination to locate the testicle.
- Imaging tests: Ultrasound or MRI may be used to locate the testicle if it cannot be felt.
- Laparoscopy: In some cases, a minor surgical procedure may be needed to locate the testicle.
Treatment Options
Treatment for undescended testicle typically involves:
- Observation: In some cases, the testicle may descend on its own within the first six months of life.
- Hormone therapy: Injections of hormones may help the testicle descend.
- Surgery (orchiopexy): The most common treatment, involving surgically moving the testicle into the scrotum and securing it in place.
Early treatment is important to reduce the risk of complications, such as infertility and testicular cancer.
Prevention
There is no known way to prevent undescended testicle.
Takeaway
An undescended testicle is a common condition that can usually be corrected with surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to ensure normal testicular development and reduce the risk of complications.